The legal frame: three categories, one rule about hails
New York City Administrative Code Title 19 prohibits operating a vehicle for hire that is not a licensed taxicab, a for-hire vehicle, or a street hail livery. The FHV lane is defined by how the trip starts: TLC Rule 80-19(c) prohibits FHV drivers from soliciting or picking up passengers other than by prearrangement through a TLC-licensed base. If a car can legally take your raised hand at the curb, it is not operating as an FHV in that moment.
Every FHV trip runs through a licensed base
The base is the dispatch entity the TLC licenses to arrange trips. NYC for-hire vehicle service must be arranged through a TLC-licensed base and performed by TLC-licensed drivers in TLC-licensed vehicles. Black car bases, the lane most executive car service uses, are central dispatch facilities regulated under TLC Rule Chapter 59B, with a minimum of 10 affiliated vehicles and more than 90 percent of business conducted on a non-cash, pre-arranged basis.
Where the hail line is drawn on the map
TLC dispatch rules reinforce the boundary geographically: FHV drivers other than street hail liveries cannot solicit or pick up passengers except by prearrangement through a licensed base in Manhattan south of East 96th Street and West 110th Street, or at the NYC airports, where Hail Exclusionary Zone language under Chapter 80 supports pre-arrangement enforcement. That is why a legitimate black car meets you at an arranged terminal point instead of working the arrivals curb.
What FHV status means on a quote
For a buyer, FHV is a traceability check, not a luxury claim. Before confirming an NYC ride, ask which operator runs the trip, which base dispatches it, and whether the driver and vehicle carry TLC licences. A quote that names the pickup point, vehicle class, wait policy, and day-of contact alongside the dispatch arrangement is doing the work the licence class exists to support.
Other cities, other words
FHV is New York vocabulary. The comparable terms elsewhere are livery in New England, TCP in California, and vehicle-for-hire in Toronto and Ottawa. The category names and requirements differ by jurisdiction, so use the linked guides for the market your trip is in and confirm current rules with the regulator that covers it.